Anuradhapura, founded in 380 BCE, was the first capital of Sri Lanka and served as the political and religious heart of the island for over a thousand years. The city is renowned for its well-preserved ancient ruins, including the Sri Maha Bodhi, the sacred tree under which the Buddha attained enlightenment. The tree, planted in 288 BCE, is considered the oldest living tree with a recorded history in the world. The Ruwanwelisaya stupa, another prominent landmark, is one of the largest and most revered stupas in Sri Lanka.

Anuradhapura’s cultural significance lies in its role as the birthplace of Sri Lanka’s early civilization. The city was not only a political capital but also a center of Buddhism, which deeply influenced the island’s cultural and social development. The many monuments, including stupas, monasteries, and royal palaces, reflect the island’s dedication to Buddhist principles and its unique architectural style.

The city’s architectural and engineering achievements are evident in the construction of large reservoirs, such as the Tissa Wewa, which helped sustain agriculture and support the growing population. These features demonstrate the advanced urban planning and technological innovations of ancient Sri Lanka, making Anuradhapura a key site for the study of the island’s ancient history and Buddhist heritage.